Car heating system



April 3, 1934. PLHYNES 1,953,679

CAR HEATING SYSTEM Filed Feb. 18, 1927 f w I INVENTOR LEE F. HYNES g z/idwza ATTORNEY i atented Apr. 3, 1934 UNITED STATES 'PA'TENT" "OFFICE @AR HEATING SYSTEM Lee P. Hynec, Albany, N. r, assignor, by mesmeassients,

to Consolidated (Car-eating @ompany, lnc., lllbany, N. Y., a corporation of New York 1 Application February 18, 1927, Serial No. 169,308 a Claims. (01. 237-123) engine and the car axles. A car-heating system embodying the fundamental features of the present one is shown in my prior application for patent Serial No. 156,897, .filed December 24, 1926. In such a system, one feature is the automatic control of the heating by the effect of the steam pressure in forcing the Water out of the boiler which is formed by a jacket on the exhaust side of the engine into which the cooling water or a portion thereof is directed. I now purpose to so dispose this boiler that when the water is forced out of it by the steam pressure, it will still special one, including within it the manifold casting through which passes the exhaust from the engine and other adjacent parts whereby it will take up a large part of the waste heat. This boiler-jacket receives inside of it the cooling water as in my former application aforesaid, but it is now constructed to include only a part of the outside area of the casting aforesaid. The remainder of said area is provided with ribs and is enclosed by an air-jacket through which is circulated air from the engine. Thereby, when the water is diverted from the water-jacket by steam pressure, the air-jacket will still provide an adequate cooling of the exhaust casting, while at the same time the engine room will be kept cool and any gas leaking into it, as well as fumes and odors, will be expelled therefrom.

Referring to the drawing, A represents the usual water-jacket of the propelling gasoline engine. This engine is located in the engine room or compartment of the vehicle that is at the front of the car separated from. the passenger space of the vehicle by a partition wall Q. Through the jacket A the pump it circulates a flow of water,

by means of pipes F and F to a radiator G near.

the roof. Air from the front of the car is sucked through radiator G by a fan J. From radiator; G- the water passes to a storage tank V and down by pipe K to the intake of pump H. The exhaust manifold casting is shown at Id and is sur rounded in part by awater jacket B whde the part of said casting not covered by jacket B is fitted with ribs on its outside surface and is surrounded by a sheet-metal casing E spaced -a short distance therefrom. Casing E forms a vertical flue which opens at its lower end into the engine room and at its upper end into the outside atmosphere above the roof. It also contains the exhaust pipe C of the engine and circulation of air through it is maintained by the aforesaid fan J which delivers into it the air which it draws through radiator G. By this arrangement the exhaust casting B is subjected. to the cooling effect of an air-jacket and a waterjacket. When the water-jacket, B is dry because of the exclusion of water therefrom by the steam pressure during the automatic regulating process, they casting will still be kept at the required low temperature by means of the airjacket formed by the casing E. The said waterjacket B receives a portion of the water-flow emerging from jacket A, by means of the branch pipe F and the outflow from said jacket goes by a pipe'L to a radiator M located, like radiator G'r, near the roof. From radiator M this water passes back through pipe N and supplementary heater W to the intake side of pump H. The air is withdrawn from the lower part of t e passenger space through a duct 0, and is discharged by said duct into the upper part of said passenger space, the circulation being maintained by the f n P. The radiator M is so positioned that the a before it is discharged into the passenger space by duct 0 must come in contact with the exposed air heating surfaces of said radiator, so that the temperature of the air discharged by said duct will be much higher than that of the a'm entering the duct. Radiator M has a thermostatically controlled vent T and radiator G has a filling-cap U. Through filling-cap U water may be introduced into the water space of both radia= tors M and G, the water jacket B and the circu= lating pipes, also the tank V. fllhe heating of the passenger space is by hot air from radiator lid and the cooling of theengine is by cool water from radiator G. SQ the system is one that corn-= bines in itself the heating of the car and the cool= ing of the engine. One portion of the water which emerges from engine jacket A is addi= tionally heated by jacket B for the purpose of heating the canwhile the remaining fraction is cooled by radiator G for the'purpose of cooling the engine. Both fractions reunite, at reduced mmperature, at the pump H.

in operation, the jacket B receives a portion oi the heated water from the jacket h, by way or the bypass The water iroin said jacket (which is in fact a supplemental water heater), rises through the pipe L into the radiator MI and returns by gravity through the pipe N to pump I l, and. i'rom thence is again delivered to the jaclret The heat in the water is ordinarily absorbed by the air current passing through the duct 0, said air cwrent being brought into contact with the radiator as above described.

Elbviously, ii? the transfer oi heat from radiator M to the air circulating over it, is not sufflcierit to sheet a reduction in temperature of the water circulating through said radiator, an increase in temperature oi said water will ensue. This will be due to the fact that the jacket B is con tinuously supplying heated water through the pipe L, and if there is no appreciable reduction in the temperature oi said wamr during its circulation, steam will be generated in this branch oi the system, so that it will accumulate within the radiator M, which is in the highest position in said branch. steam accumulates in the water space of the radiator, and as the pressure builds up it will baclr the water out oi said radiator, and more or less out of the jacket 123 through the pipe F into the pipe F The water backing out oi the radiator M into the pipe 1? will slightly raise the water level in the tank V, and by automatically-driving water out or the jacket 13 temporarily prevents flowoi heamd water to said radiator M. in the meanwhile, said jacket B is being constantly heated by the exhaust manifold B. Obviously, it there were no water in jacket B it would cease to operate as a, heater for the car body through the medium of radiator M because, under such circumstances, no heated water or steam can flow to said radiator. That is to say, to whatever extent the water is forced out of the jacket B because of the back pressure created by the steam pressure accumulated in the radiator M, to the same extent said radiator will cease to act as a heater for the car' body, and the heating capacity of the jacket B will be reduced in proportion to the amount of water driven out of it by said back pressure. The functions of the engine cooling system comprising pump H, pipe F, jacket A, pipe F radiator G. and return K are not aflected by the foregoing conditions because irrespective of the back pressure into the tank V, the pump will maintain thecngine cooling circulation.

By the operation above described, the heating capacity of the water jacket 13 will be automatically reduced, and at the same time the excess temperature therein, which has aided in the producing of the. steam, will also be reduced; so that eventually the generation of steam is arrested. It is an important object of the invention to prevent this automatic action from causing'toogreat a rise of temperature in the manifold B, which normally-heats the water in the jacket B Obviously, manifold B" ceases to heat water in jacket B while said water is forced out of the jacket, and any surplus heat carried by the air within the space occupied by the engine, due to any increase in temperature of the jacket B is dissipated by the effect of the air jacket E on the casting B.

It will be observed that the casing E extends neg said air cooling means.

downwardly over the water jacket 13 so as to also cool said jacket as well as the manifold 28.

To turn the heat on or oil the car it is only necessary to open or close the stop-cock R. For

extra-quick heating of the car, stop-cock 8 may be shut and the entire water-flow directed into panacea iachet however, should not he carried so far as to cause overheating oi the engine.

In an emergency such as a stalling oi the car in a heavy snow storm, or when the car is laid up at night, the auxiliary or reserve heater W may 30 be ut into action. The nature or heater W is immaterial; it may be an oil heater or an electric heater. The important feature is that I have so arranged it that a natural circulation oi the water can replace the iorcecl circulation by pump H. It will be understood that said pump, when at rest, does not stop the passage of water through it. The emergency heat is of a moderate amount and the engine-cooling side of the system may be cut oil desired. The emergency heater W, as as arranged in my system, will cause a circulation through pipe it, radiator M, return pipe L, pump and jackets B and A to the heater. 'llhere are no pipes in the passenger compartment to ireeze, while the natural circulation oi heated air from radiator M will be adequate for the moderate heat required, or the ian P may be operated from storage battery.

it is to be understood that although the invention has been specifically described as relating to a car heating system, it is not limited to car heating, because it is'obvious that it may be employed to heat buildings or other enclosed spaces wherever an internal combustion engine may have been installed for power purposes.

It is understood that in my prior application aforesaid I am making iundamental claims to the system herein shown and that in the present case I claim only the following.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

i. In a heating system oi the character de-- scribed, the combination with the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, said system including a water jacket and a radiator, of a water jacket heated by said engine independently of said cooling system, means for conducting water from. saidengine cooling system through said last mentioned jacket, a heating radiator operatively connected with said second water jacket, relief means connected with said engine cooling system and with said water conducting means,

.so as to receive water expelled from the sec- 'glne, said jacket being positioned to be heated by v the exhaust from said engine, means for conducting water from said engine cooling system to said jacket, a car-heating radiator located in another compartment and operatively connected with said water jacket, an air cooling means for the jacket partially enclosing the exhaust manifold of said engine, and a duct leading from the interior of the engine compartment and contain- 3. In a. heating system of the character described, the combination with the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, including a water jacket and a. cooling radiator connected therewith, of a. second water jacket constructed and arranged to be heated by said engine inderename pendently of said cooling system, a branch pipe connecting said water jacket with the cooling system, a heating radiator connected with said second water jacket, and relief means associated with said second water jacket and the heating radiator and so constructed and arranged as to expel water from said second water jacket upon accumulation of steam in said heating radiator, said branch pipe being so connected and arranged as to conduct the expelled water into said cooling system.

4. In a heating system of the character described, the combination with an internal oombustion engine having an exhaust manifold, and a cooling system for said engine, of a water jacket independent of said cooling system and partially enclosing said manifold, a branch connection between said cooling system and said water jacket, a heating radiator operatively connected with said water jacket independently oi? said engine cooling system, and means constructed and arranged to provide an air cooling chamber around said exhaust manifold and said water jacket.

5. In a heating system of the character described, the combination with an internal combustion engine and an engine cooling system including a radiator, of a water jacket so connected with the engine as to be heated by the exhaust manifold of said engine independently of said cooling system, means for conducting water from said engine cooling system to said water jacket, an air duct, a heating radiator located within said duct and operatively connected to said water jacket independently of the engine cooling system, said radiator and said water jacket being so constructed and arranged that water will be expelled from the jacket on generation or" steam in the radiator, a fan for propelling air over the radiator of the engine cooling system, and an air cooling jacket for the engine manifold and said water jacket, said fan being so located as to circulate air through said cooling jacket.

6. In a heating system of the character described, the combination with an internal combustion engine and the engine cooling system including a radiator, a water jacket heated by the exhaust manifold of said engine independently of the engine cooling system, means for conducting water from the engine cooling system to said engine-heated water jacket, a heating radiator operatively connected with said last mentioned water jacket independently of the en.- gine cooling system, said heating radiator and said water jacket being so constructed and arranged that water will be expelled from said jacket upon generation of steam within the radiator, a circulating pump connected with the returns from both radiators, and means for air cooling the engine manifold so as to prevent overheating thereof should circulation therethrough be interrupted by generation of steam in the radiator connected with the water jacket.

7. In a heating system of the character described, the combination with an internal combustion engine and an engine cooling system, of a heating system for a space other than that occupied by the engine, said heating system including a water jacket so connected with the engine as to be heated by the exhaust manifold thereof independently of said cooling system, said heating system and said water jacket being so constructed and arranged that water will be expelled from said water jacket upon generation of steam in said heating system, means for conducting water from the engine cooling system to said heating system, an exhaust pipe leading upwardly from the engine so as to discharge above the same, an air cooling jacket enclosing the manifold and operative to cool said exhaust manifold should circulation through the car heating system be interrupted, and an air duct leading upwardly from said air-cooling jacket and enclosing said exhaust pipe.

8. In a heating system of the character described, the combination of an internal combustion engine and the engine cooling system including a radiator, of a water heating chamber heated by the exhaust manifold of the engine independently of the cooling system, means for conducting fluid from the cooling system to said water heating chamber, a heating radiator connected with said water heating chamber, said heating chamber and its radiator being so constructed and arranged that'fluid is expelled therefrom upon generation of steam in the radiator, and means for air cooling said manifold;

LEE P. HYNES. 

